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Livestock
  • Livestock Industry Growth
    • As the economic development accelerated in earnest in the 1960s, so did livestock sector as one of the industries in Korea. In 1963, with enactment of livestock Law, followed by livestock Promotion Act, Feed Management Act and Pasture land Management Act, institutional foundation for the development of livestock industry was established.
  • In the 1970s, the import of beef started in order to stabilize the supply and price of livestock products. Besides Livestock Promotion Fund was set to promote the development of livestock industry.
  • In the 1980s, under the trend of market liberalization for the agricultural, livestock products, the import of livestock products surged making livestock sector face with international competition inevitably. As such a trend continued for a while, Korean livestock sector had to be restructured in the 1990s.
  • The government, in order to secure international competitiveness, concentrated its support and investment on the full-time professional livestock production household with competitiveness through organizing a dairy complex, enlarging business scale for efficiency, and promoting collaboration of work among livestock production households and bly administerd a policy to modernize livestock production system as well as distribution system.
  • Also, the government support has been given to supply sanitary and safe livestock products to resolve people's concern about food safety, as well as to stabilize livestock business and to produce highquality livestock products. The required funds to execute these programs were mostly covered by the Livestock Promotion Fund.
  • Livestock Promotion Fund created in 1974 has been playing a decisive role in developing livestock industry in Korea. This fund using the special reserves of Korea Horse Racing Association as an initial funding source, has been run with sales revenue of livestock imports and returns from its own fund operation.
  • In 1980, the fund amount was KRW 27,900mil. and increased 108 times to KRW 3.0141trillion 20 years later in 2000. However, the fund size has decreased since 2000 to KRW 2.4 trillion in 2004.
  • Fund operation status of Livestock Promotion Fund
    		• (Unit : KRW million)
  • Fund operation status of Livestock Promotion Fund
      1995 2000 2003 2004
    The current term Total The current term Total The current term Total The current term Total
    Fund 388,297 2,981,367 420,607
    		 4,653,718 266,019 5,383,274 277,020
    		 5,610,294
    Spent 104,614 836,109 377,480 1,639,571 321,607 2,820,275 347,705 3,167,980
    Invested 280,251 2,139,856 43,127 3,014,147 ??,588 2,562,299 ??0,576 2,442,423
  • In order to relieve livestock production households from financial burden, the government provides loans at a low interest rate every year. As the operating cost increases year by year, so does the size of loans
  • The shortage of the government budget is offset by loan from Korea Bank or fund from NLCF and the difference between market interest rate and the government interest rate is covered separately by government budget.
  • Status of livestock promotion supporting fund
    		• (Unit : KRW million)
  • Status of livestock promotion supporting fund
      1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002
    Fund Scale 4,200 5,200 6,700 6,700 6,700 4,072
    By
    Funding
    source    		 Government Budget 1,724 2,382 3,095 3,095 3,095 3,095
    Loan from Bank of
    Korea    		 416 280 - - - -
    Fund from NLCF 2,060 2,610 3,605 3,605 3,605 977
  • Boosted by the active governmental support and hard efforts made by livestock production household, our livestock industry has made remarkable progress for the last 40 years and now it takes a significant position as part of the rural economy.
  • The ratio of livestock industry to total agricultural income keeps growing form 7.9%('70) ??.3%('80) ??.5%('90) ??1.7%('00).
    The ratio of livestock products to national nutrition is also rising. Total daily calory per capita was 2,370kcal, out of which livestock products accounted for only 2.8% or 66kcal and rice accounted for 51.3% or 1,215kcal showing that people got their energy mostly from rice.
  • However, in 2002, energy ratio of rice decreased to 929kcal while that of livestock products increased to 11.7% and the trend is likely to continue for the time being.
  • Livestock production ratio to nutrition per capita
  • Efforts will continue to strengthen the competitiveness of livestock industry through production cost saving and quality improvement. Also several measures will be taken to help solving environmental problems caused by livestock waste, safety issues of livestock products and livestock disease control and hygiene,of which importance is drawing more and more attention.
  • Livestock Raising
  • In the liberalized era, livestock farmers are trying hard to secure price competitiveness by saving production cost. Therefore, they expand the size of farming and improve quality.
  • of livestock production household & no. of raised livestock animals
    		•
  • of livestock production household & no. of raised livestock animals
      Beef cattle Dairy cattle Hog Chicken
    No.of production household No.of head No.of production household No.of head No.of production household No.of head No.of production household No.of head
      1,000
    house    		 1,000
    cattle    		            
    1980 989 1,361 18 180 503 1,784 692 40,130
    1985 1,048 2,553 44 390 251 2,853 303 51,081
    1990 620 1,622 33 504 133 4,528 161 74,463
    1995 519 2,594 24 553 46 6,461 203 85,800
    2000 290 1,590 13 544 24 8,214 218 102,547
    2001 235 1,406 13 548 20 8,720 201 102,393
    2003 188 1,480 11 519 15 9,231 144 99,019
  • The most traditional livestock animal is ??Korean beef cattle . Beginning in 2001, the market for live cattle and beef was completely opened for imports. Accordingly, in order to enhance the competitiveness of Korean cow, the government established Integral Development Plan for Korea Cow Industry?? .
  • Until the 1980s when the mechanization level was still low, most of the livestock farm households raised one or two beef cattle to use cows' labor for farming. As of 1980, 99.6% of beef cattle production households had such small numbers of head under 10 and fulltime cattle production households with over 50 heads were extremely rare.
  • The number of beef cattle raising household decreased byas much as 77% from 989,000 in 1980 to 188,000 in 2003, but there's no big change in the total number of heads from 1.524mil in 1980 to 1.480mil in 2003. It means that the scale of each livestock farmhouse increased.
  • The no. of beef cattle production household by production scale
    		•  (Unit : Household)
  • The no. of beef cattle production household by production scale
      Total Under 10 head 10-50 head Over 50 head
        %   %   %   %
    1980 988,933 100.0 985,353
    		 99.6 3,468
    		 0.4 112
    		 0.0
    1985 1,047,573 100.0 1,024,366 97.8 22,246 2.1 961 0.1
    1990 620,266 100.0 596,784 96.2 22,526 3.6 956 0.2
    1995 518,952 100.0 457,104 88.1 59,390 11.4 2,458 0.5
    2000 289,714 100.0 256,796 88.6 28,857 10.0 4,061 1.4
    2001 226,530 100.0 198,108 87.5 24,454 10.8 3,968 1.8
    2004 188,948 100.0 151,848 80.4 31,617 16.7 5,483 2.9
  • The no. of beef cattle by production scale
    		•  (Unit : 1,000 Head)
  • The no. of beef cattle by production scale
      Total Under 10 head 10-50 head Over 50 head
          %   %   %
    1980 1,524 1,447 94.9 47
    		 3.1 30
    		 2.0
    1985 2,553 2,110 82.6 346 13.6 97 3.8
    1990 1,622 1,169 51.9 364 22.4 89 5.5
    1995 2,594 1,345 72.1 1,042 40.2 207 8.0
    2000 1,590 627 39.4 565 35.5 398 25.0
    2001 1,406 505 35.9 502 35.7 399 28.4
    2004 1,666 458 27.5 657 39.4 551 33.1
  • In terms of dairy cattle breeding scale, the share of the households that grow under 10 heads decreased from 72.3%('80) to 4.7('04) and the household that grow over 50 heads sharply increased from 1.6%('80) to 46.9%('04).
  • Besides, cattle breeding households decreased by 56.5% in 2004 compared to 1980, but the number of heads being raised increased by 184% in 2004 compared to 1980, showing that production scale is getting bigger, to the level of a corporation and consumption of milk also, has largely increased compared to the 1980s.
  • No. of dairy cattle breeding household by farm size
    		•  (Unit : Household)
  • No. of dairy cattle breeding household by farm size
      Total Under 10 head 10-50 head Over 50 head
        %   %   %   %
    1980 22,112 100.0 15,977 72.3 5,761 26.1 354 1.6
    1985 43,760 100.0 30,997 70.8 12,351 28.2 412 0.9
    1990 33,277 100.0 12,936 38.9 19,682 59.1 659 2.0
    1995 23,519 100.0 3,526 15.0 18,669 79.4 1,325 5.6
    2000 13,348 100.0 828 6.2 8,787 65.8 3,733 28.0
    2001 12,827 100.0 946 7.4 7,611 59.3 4,270 33.3
    2004 9,612 100.0 455 4.7 4,656 48.4 4,501 46.9
  • No. of dairy cattle by farm size
    		•  (Unit : 1,000 Head)
  • No. of dairy cattle by farm size
      Total Under 10 head 10-50 head Over 50 head
          %   %   %
    1980 175 58 33.1
    		 89
    		 50.9
    		 28 16.0
    1985 390 136 34.9 215 55.1 39 10.0
    1990 504 73 14.5 373 74.0 58 11.5
    1995 553 19 3.4 436 78.8 98 17.7
    2000 544 4 0.7 266 48.9 274 50.4
    2001 548 4 0.7 231 42.2 313 57.1
    2004 497 2 0.4 151 30.3 344 69.3
  • Even before the 1990s, most of farm household raised hog in a small scale with less than 10 heads. Recently, such small-sized hog production households have decreased greatly and most of them are getting professionalized like a corporation.
  • As of hog, the number of hog breeding household with less than 10 heads decreased from 95.2% to 28.4% in 2004 while full-time professional hog raising household with more than 1,000 heads has sharply increased.
  • In terms of the size of hog farming, the number of hogs raised by small-scale farm household sharply decreased from 41.7% in 1980 to 0.1% in 2004 whereas the number of hogs that belong to largescale breeding household drastically increased form 3.1% in 1980 to 75.4% in 2004, showing that hog production is becoming a fulltime profession. Also, as pork consumption increases largely, so does the number of hog being raised.
  • No. of dairy cattle breeding household by farm size
    		•  (Unit : Household)
  • No. of dairy cattle breeding household by farm size
      Total Under 10 head 10-100 head 100-1,000 head Over 1,000 head
        %   %   %   %   %
    1980 502,896 100.0 478,589
    		 95.2 22,752
    		 4.5 1,510 0.3 45
    		 0.0
    1985 251,196 100.0 218,852 87.1 27,600 11.0 4,549 1.8 195 0.1
    1990 133,428 100.0 98,149 73.6 26,512 19.9 8,361 6.3 406 0.3
    1995 45,878 100.0 22,251 48.5 11,875 25.9 10,639 23.2 1,113 2.4
    2000 23,841 100.0 9,195 38.6 4,679 19.6 7,627 32.0 2,340 9.8
    2001 19,531 100.0 6,636 34.0 3,933 20.1 6,229 31.9 2,733 14.0
    2004 13,268 100.0 3,751 28.3 2,153 16.2 4,496 33.9 2,868 21.6
  • No. of hogs by farm size
    		•  (Unit : 1,000 Head)
  • No. of hogs by farm size
      Total Under 10 head 10-100 head 100-1,000 head Over 1,000 head
          %   %   %   %
    1980 2,034 849 41.7 622 30.6 499 24.5 64 3.1
    1985 2,853 363 12.7 781 27.4 1,048 36.7 661 23.2
    1990 4,528 196 4.3 883 19.5 2,396 52.9 1,053 23.3
    1995 6,461 54 0.8 434 6.7 3,613 55.9 2,360 36.5
    2000 8,214 23 0.3 176 2.1 3,072 37.4 4,943 60.2
    2001 8,720 19 0.2 164 1.9 2,707 31.0 5,830 66.9
    2004 8,908 11 0.1 91 1.0 2,095 23.5 6,711 75.4
  • Over 97% of the chicken raising farmhouses are small-sized with less than 500 chickens. Professionalized chicken breeding households are merely about 4,000 and the number of chicken raised by them constitutes 97% of the total chickens being raised.
  • As of 2004, out of total 10,000 chicken breeding households, the number of egg-laying chicken raising farmhouses is 1,252, and 1,248 households are engaged in meat chicken production. The rest is chicken for a combined use (i.e. both meat and egg) or breeding.
  • No. of chicken breeding household by farm size
    		•  (Unit : Household)
  • No. of chicken breeding household by farm size
      Total Under 500
    chickens     		500-5,000
    chickens    		 5,000-10,000
    chickens    		 Over 10,000
    chickens
        %   %   %   %   %
    1980 692,219 100.0 681,535 98.5 8,804 1.3 1,272 0.2 608 0.1
    1985 302,775 100.0 295,749 97.7 4,242 1.4 1,709 0.6 1,075 0.4
    1990 161,357 100.0 154,218 95.6 2,600 1.6 2,299 1.4 2,240 1.4
    1995 203,414 100.0 198,046 97.4 1,243 0.6 1,450 0.7 2,675 1.3
    2000 217,943 100.0 213,503 98.0 761 0.3 781 0.4 2,898 1.3
    2001 200,954 100.0 196,494 97.8 844 0.4 648 0.3 2,968 1.5
    2004 131,288 100.0 127,645 97.2 462 0.4 545 0.4 2,636 2.0
  • The no. of chickens by farm size
    		•  (Unit : 1,000 Head)
  • The no. of chickens by farm size
      Total Under 10 head 10-100 head 100-1,000 head Over 1,000 head
          %   %   %   %
    1980 38,608
    		 3,945
    		 10.2 15,073
    		 39.0 8,612
    		 22.3 10,978
    		 28.4
    1985 51,081 1,266 2.5 10,253 20.1 11,307 22.1 28,255 55.3
    1990 74,463 1,191 1.6 6,335 8.5 15,762 21.2 51,175 68.7
    1995 85,800 1,658 1.9 2,712 3.2 10,894 12.7 70,536 82.2
    2000 102,547 1,650 1.6 1,740 1.7 5,593 5.5 93,564 91.2
    2001 102,393 1,543 1.5 1,868 1.8 4,681 4.6 94,301 92.1
    2004 106,736 1,040 1.0 956 0.9 4,400 4.1 100,340 94.0
  • Prices, Supply & Demand for Livestock Products
  • Korea has so far experienced frequent price fluctuations for livestock products such as beef and pork. The specificities of agricultural and livestock production and consumption industry in Korea made it difficult to balance the supply and demand under the rapid economic liberalization.
  • In case of the cattle industry, calves for meat were imported to Korea from 1978. The price of Korean beef, known as Hanwoo, climbed continuously from 1980, reaching at one point an astounding 1 million Korean won (KRW) per head. To reverse this trend, the government imported up to more than 70,000 calves in 1983, leading to a chute in calf price to KRW 200,000 bet ween 1984 and 1987.
  • For local industries and wholesalers, the price of livestock products has fluctuated depending on the frequent changes in the supply and demand. However, for consumers, there has been a continuous rising trend in the overall price due to various factors, such as inflation.
  • For example, the local price increase rate in 2004 compared to 1980 marked 351.8 percent for bulls, 155.4 percent for hogs, and 68.2 percent for chickens. The wholesale price increase rate for beef, for the same period, was 144.5 percent and pork 129.4 percent, whereas the consumer price increase rate for beef was 533.6 percent, pork 465.2 percent, chicken 157.0 percent, and eggs 219.4 percent. To better reflect the extent of these prices, we can compare the rice price purchased by the government, for the same period, which increased by 320.8 percent, from KRW 36,600 to KRW 154,000, based on grade 2 milled rice of 80kg.
  • Local Price for Livestock Products
    		•
  • Local Price for Livestock Products
      Calf Big cattle Hog Chicken Egg
    Female Male Female Male Piglet Hog
      KRW1,000/calf KRW1,000/500kg KRW1,000 KRW1,000 KRW/kg/90kg KRW/10eggs
    1980 159 283 687 785 23 92 834 334
    1990 867 1,217 2,142 2,405 41 164 1,018 576
    1995 1,617 1,887 3,087 3,173 49 155 1,241 681
    2000 1,103 1,294 2,872 2,752 55 169 1,187 698
    2002 2,306 2,288 4,236 3,927 59 178 1,155 749
    2004 3,185 2,223 4,349 3,547 64 235 1,403 1,064
  • Wholesale price of Livestock Products (in Seoul)
    		•
  • Wholesale price of Livestock Products (in Seoul)
    Year Beef Pork
      KRW/Kg KRW/500g
    1980 3,577 1,576
    1995 7,914 2,310
    2000 7,414 2,497
    2004 8,645 3,623
  • Consumer Price for Livestock Products
    		•
  • Consumer Price for Livestock Products
      Beef Pork Chicken Egg
      KRW/500g KRW/500g KRW/500g KRW/500g
    1980 2,410 1,014 1,204 -
    1985 3,528 1,760 1,705 -
    1990 5,725 2,125 2,063 -
    2001 9,617 4,224 3,227 1,046
    2003 15,650 4,849 2,490 909
  • The rate of imported beef out of the total beef production has grown from 6.9 percent in 1980 to 47.5 percent in 1990, and again to 65.1 percent in 2000.
    The lifting of import ban on beef has also allowed cheaper imports to replace the more expensive local beef products, subsequently lowering Korea's self-sufficiency rate.
    The following table shows that in all categories the consumption per capita has continuously increased, whereas the self-sufficiency rate gradually went down.
    The milk consumption per capita showed the greatest increase in 2000 since 1980, with 448.1 percent, and egg the lowest with 54.6 percent.
    During the same period, beef showed the greatest decrease in terms of self-sufficiency rate with 43.3%, and pork the lowest with 8.5%. Compared to other livestock, the self-sufficiency rate of pork has been maintained at a relatively high level.
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Beef
    		•  (Unit: M/T, kg, %)
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Beef
      Demand Supply consumption
    per capita    		 Self-suffciency
        Domestic Import    
    1980 100.0 93.1 6.9 2.6 93.1
    1985 120.4 115.7 4.7 2.9 96.1
    1990 180.6 94.8 85.8 4.1 52.5
    1995 301.2 154.7 146.5 6.7 51.4
    2000 402.4 214.1 261.8 8.5 52.4
    2004 327.9 144.9 183.6 6.8 44.2
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Milk
    		•  (Unit : 1,000M/T,kg,%)
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Milk
      Demand Supply consumption
    per capita    		 Self-suffciency
        Domestic Import    
    1980 412 452 - 10.8 109.7
    1985 991 1,011 2 23.8 100.2
    1990 1,879 1,755 - 42.8 93.4
    1995 2,144 2,000 196 47.5 93.2
    2000 2,812 2,254 640 59.6 80.1
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Pork
    		•  (Unit : 1,000M/T,kg,%)
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Pork
      Demand Supply consumption
    per capita    		 Self-suffciency
    1980 239 242 6.3 98.8
    1985 346 340 8.4 101.8
    1990 508 505 11.8 100.6
    1995 639 662 14.8 96.5
    2000 714 790 16.8 90.4
    2004 749 857 17.8 87.4
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Chicken
    		•
  • Annual Supply and Demand for Chicken
      Chicken Egg
      Supply
    (1,000M/T)    		 Consumption
    (1,000M/T)    		 Consumption
    per capita(kg)    		 Self-sufficiency
    rate(%)    		 Supply and
    Consumption(mil)    		 Consumption per
    capita(ea)
    1980 92 90 2.4 102.2 4,543 119
    1990 126 126 3.1 100 5,390 131
    1995 172 172 4.0 100 7.151 167
    2000 265 268 6.0 98.9 8,261 167
    2002 262 327 6.9 8.01 8,682 184
    2004 288 319 6.6 90.3 - 193
  • Livestock Production Costs
  • The operating cost of livestock products equals the total expenses spent on breeding the livestock such as feed, material, hired labor, rent and depreciation costs for buildings and machines minus the byproduct sales. And the livestock production cost means the operating cost plus the family labor cost, and interests on fixed capital, circulation capital, and land capital.
  • The following is the livestock production cost increase rate in 2003, compared to 1980: calf 214.7 percent, beef cattle 247.2 percent, milk 86.5 percent, pork hog 42.7 percent, egg 84.3 percent and meat chicken 21.0 percent. The beef cattle production cost increased most significantly, while the meat chicken production cost dropped markedly considering that the increase rate of producer price index was 93.6 percent for all industries during the same period.
  • Annual Livestock Operation and Production Cost
    		•
  • Annual Livestock Operation and Production Cost
      Calf (KRW1,000/head) Beef cattle(KRW1,000/500kg) Milk (KRW/kg)
      Production expenses Production cost Production expenses Production cost Production expenses Production cost
    1980 92
    277
    318
    536
    791
    895    		 559
    564
    868
    1,262
    1,401
    1,759    		 780
    1,262
    1,661
    2,196
    1,680
    2,773    		 975
    1,447
    2,210
    2,743
    2,173
    2,385    		 145
    208
    220
    253
    304
    346    		 245
    296
    376
    413
    423
    457
    1985 277 564 1,262 1,447 208 296
    1990 318 868 1,661 2,210 220 376
    1995 536 1,262 2,196 2,743 253 413
    2000 791 1,401 1,680 2,173 304 423
    2003 895 1,759 2,773 2,385 346 457
  • In general, the livestock production cost is spent most on the feed, family labor and interest on capital. Meat chicken particularly takes up the highest share of feed expenses, accounting for 54.8 percent of the total production cost, and beef cattle the lowest, with 24.2 percent.
    On the other hand, calf takes up the highest share of family labor cost out of the total production cost, with 21.7 percent, 10 times that of pork pigs' which accounts for 2.1 percent.
  • The Share of Feed Cost out of the Total Production Cost (As of 2000)
    		•  (Unit : %)
  • The Share of Feed Cost out of the Total Production Cost (As of 2000)
    Year Calf Beef cattle Milk Piglet Egg Chicken
    Feed cost 38.3
    		 24.3 52.7 50.6 52.1 54.8
    Self-labor cost 19.1 5.9 13.5 2.7 3.5 4.9
    Capital interest 26.9 12.1 8.4 4.6 2.7 1.0
  • With regard to the supply and demand of feed, the share of concentrated feed out of the total feed supply in 1980 was 52.9 percent, while grass feed accounted for 47.1 percent. However, in 2000, concentrates increased to 82.4 percent, whereas grass feed dropped to 17.6 percent.
  • Until 1980, grass feed was used mainly by small-scale family cattle producers with less than 10 heads, but as the production scale grew and production business became a full-time profession, grass needed to be replaced by concentrates. Similar changes took place in other livestock animal feeds.
  • In 2000, the assorted feed accounted for 95.0 percent out of the total concentrated feeds, and in particular, the imported assorted feed accounted for 73.3 percent.
  • Feed Supply and Demand
    		•  (Unit : 1,000M/T)
  • Feed Supply and Demand
    Year Total Beef cattleMilk (KRW/kg) Self
    Sufficiency
    by farm    		 Coarse
    feed
      Assorted fed
    Total Domestic Import Self
    Sufficiency
    rate
    1980 7,561 3,996 3,464 1,410 2,054 41 532 3,565
    1985 13,250 7,322 6,467 2,272 4,165 35 855 5,928
    1990 17,116 11,173 10,529 2,839 7 ,690 27 644 5,943
    1995 23,302 15,700 14,856 3,639 11,217 25 844 7,602
    2000 19,289 15,897 15,105 3,923 11,068 26 792 3,392
    2004 20,419 16,365 15,437 3,941 11,372 26 928 4,540
  • Production and Usage of Assorted Feed
    		•  (Unit : 1,000M/T)
  • Production and Usage of Assorted Feed
    Year Total Chicken
    production    		 Hog
    production    		 Diary
    production    		 Beef cattle
    production    		 Others
    1980 3,462 1,872 769 514 306 1
    1985 6,457 2,310 1,924 994 1,209 20
    1990 10,518 3,274 3,551 1,790 1,667 236
    1995 14,855 3,766 4,725 2,095 3,680 589
    2000 15,105 3,867 5,215 1,892 3,340 791
    2003 15,437 3,908 5,663 1,744 2,926 1.196
  • The total revenue that comes from livestock production is referred to as gross receipt (GR). And both the income (I) and net profit (NP) can be calculated respectively by taking away the management cost(MC) and the production cost (PC) from the gross receipt: I=GR-MC and NP=GR-PC.
  • The 1980 to 2003 income increase rate from livestock production was 479.2 percent for breeding cattle, 490.9 percent for beef cattle, highest among others, 240.5 percent for dairy cattle, 106.6 percent for breeding hog, 128.4 percent for egg-laying chicken and 18.8 percent for meat chicken.
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
    		•
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
      breeding cattle (KRW1,000/head) Beef Cattle (KRW1,000/head) Diary Cattle (KRW1,000/head)
    Gross receipts Income Net profit Gross receipts Income Net profit Gross receipts Income Net profit
    1980 380 136 ??62
    		 857 197 36 1,455 605 118
    1985 384 103 ??9 1,343 139 ?? 2,032 734 183
    1990 873 561 91 2,111 611 123 2,697 1,218 171
    1995 1,351 884 285 3,408 1,018 431 3,344 1,469 286
    2000 881 216 ??7 3,162 1,175 599 4,316 1,977 1,167
    2003 2,201 1,425 764 5,134 1,742 998 1,955 1,896 1,037
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
    		•
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
      breeding Hog (KRW1,000/head) Pork Hog (KRW1,000/head)
    Gross receipts Income Net profit Gross receipts Income Net profit
    1980 317 48 ??26 83 8 ??
    1985 541 184 83 130 33 23
    1990 612 207 30 133 39 21
    1995 910 436 222 160 46 25
    2000 957 155 63 177 27 15
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
    		•
  • Annual Livestock Management and Production Cost
      breeding Hog (KRW1,000/head) Pork Hog (KRW1,000/head)
    Gross receipts Income Net profit Gross receipts Income Net profit
    1980 8,326 ??40
    		 ??574
    		1,477 59 ??06
    1985 13,162 1,095 152 1,790 241 99
    1990 17,142 4,639 2,884 1,898 332 115
    1995 17,120 2,479 615 2,043 475 259
    2000 17,140 310 ??484 1,754 378 273
    2003 19,015 ??19 ??503 1,336 11 ??3